Was Xi’an really an international city?

Yes — during the Tang Dynasty, the ancient city of Chang’an (today’s Xi’an) was one of the most international cities in the world.

As the eastern starting point of the Silk Road, Chang’an attracted merchants, diplomats, and travelers from many regions, including Persia, Central Asia, India, and the Middle East. Historical records suggest that people from dozens of different countries lived and traded in the city.

Foreign goods such as Roman glass, Persian silverware, spices, and exotic textiles were brought to Chang’an by Silk Road traders. At the same time, Chinese silk, porcelain, and tea were exported westward.

Cultural exchange was also vibrant. Foreign music, dance, food, and fashion became popular among local residents. During the Tang Dynasty, noblewomen even adopted “Hu-style” fashion, inspired by Central Asian clothing and makeup styles.

Because of this lively mix of cultures, Chang’an became not only the political center of China but also a global hub of trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road.